Know your Knots
Whether you’re new to fly-fishing or thinking of trying a new area or species, confidence in your knot-tying is all important
Once reaching the water with reel secured to rod butt, rod sections aligned and firmly pushed together, then with fly line and backing all rigged and ready to go we still have one very important thing to take care of and do correctly. Set up our leader!
There will always be anglers who find the need to keep trying new knots in search of not only the best hold, but at times the best presentation of the fly. We all hope that when the fish of a lifetime strikes that the trusty knot we've used for years will hold and bring our specimen fish to the net.
Confidence in a knot and/or leader material can only be built up through time with hours of use and many fish caught. However, a reliable guide is offered here for all anglers but more importantly for beginners or for those fly-fishing a new species or area of the sport.
When learning trout fishing, once the basic techniques of casting a fly are grasped with help from a qualified instructor, then there are three knots to master before fishing can commence:-
• The tucked half blood knot (or improved clinch)
• The water knot (or surgeon's knot)
• The surgeon's loop
The tucked half blood
The most widely used for attaching fly to nylon, this knot works well with all leader materials used in general trout fishing and for most other species. Note - so long as the tuck is performed in the final stages of knot construction, four turns is enough and is less likely to strangle and later break.

An alternative knot to use when movement of fly is crucial to presentation (generally larger fly patterns) is the non-slip loop.
The water knot
This knot is used to join leader and tippet of similar diameters -for extending leaders and also for use with a dropper fly, by leaving downward tag of the knot. It is ideal for all fresh water gamefishing.

An alternative knot to use (more reliable where diameters of materials noticeably differ) is the double grinner.
The surgeon's loop
Performed to create a permanent loop in leader, to form loop-to-loop connection with braided loop or butt extension at the end of a fly line. It is used successfully in all types of fly-fishing.

An alternative knot to use when less bulk is required (offering absolutely straight loop-to-loop connections) is the perfection loop.
With modern advances in design of leader materials, more and more anglers are using fluorocarbons for the majority their fly-fishing. With a refractive index close to that of water itself, the fluorocarbon becomes almost invisible once submerged. And having a faster sink rate than other materials it is most often thought to be advantageous, for example when fishing small, unweighted flies at depth. When constructing leaders carefully, the advantage of fluorocarbon used only in the tippet will enable you to fish dries without dragging them under and yet still give almost perfect, natural presentation of your fly.
There will always be debate as to which brands are best, and in what situations used. The best advice is to always imagine how your fly should be presented; should it be at depth or at the surface, should it be presented loosely or straight and rigid? Choose a leader to match the fly you are using not the fish you're hoping to catch. When a double figure trout is sipping tiny caenis from the surface, your leader must be supple enough to present the fly without drag and appear natural as it lands and as it is viewed from below. In cases like this the advantage of fine diameter for strength wins without question, so long as the material used is sufficiently supple.
Many anglers feel that their old mono or copolymer is all they need to catch fish, and catch fish they will, but there are always choices and sometimes a different choice of leader material and a careful leader construction can pay off. This more often than not happens on the toughest of days when many anglers are going home without a fish or even a pull. There's nothing wrong with improving our chances.
Tips:
- always lubricate your knot and snug into place rather than pull, hoping for the best. Check all knots with a little pressure and retie if you have any doubt! Leave only a short tag and the best advice of all is to take your time tying. Do not worry about the fisherman down the bank who changes fly twice as fast. Better to be safe than sorry when finally the fish of the day strikes and makes this all worthwhile.Whether you’re new to fly-fishing or thinking of trying a new area or species, confidence in your knot-tying is all important